The annual cost of health impacts of PM2.5 ambient air pollution in Greater Cairo is estimated at EGP 45-48 billion in 2016/17 with a central estimate of EGP 47 billion. This equates to 1.3% to 1.4% of GDP in 2016/2017 with a central estimate of 1.35% (Table 2.7). 1

2 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

3 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION